TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of Jupiter’s magnetic equator through H3+ ionospheric emission
AU - Stallard, Tom S.
AU - Burrell, Angeline G.
AU - Melin, Henrik
AU - Fletcher, Leigh N.
AU - Miller, Steve
AU - Moore, Luke
AU - O’Donoghue, James
AU - Connerney, John E.P.
AU - Satoh, Takehiko
AU - Johnson, Rosie E.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the UK STFC Consolidated Grant ST/N000749/1 (to H.M. and T.S.S.) and a PhD studentship (to R.E.J.). A.G.B. was supported by NERC grant NE/ K011766/1 and the start-up funds provided to R. Stoneback by the University of Texas at Dallas. L.N.F. was supported by a Royal Society Research Fellowship at the University of Leicester. L.M. was supported by NASA under grant NNX17AF14G issued through the SSO Planetary Astronomy Program. J.E.P.C. and T.S. were visiting astronomers at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate Planetary Astronomy Program.
PY - 2018/10/1
Y1 - 2018/10/1
N2 - Our understanding of Jupiter’s magnetic field has been developed through a combination of spacecraft measurements at distances >1.8RJ and images of the aurora1–7. These models all agree on the strength and direction of the Jovian dipole magnetic moments, but because higher-order magnetic moments decay more strongly with distance from the planet, past spacecraft measurements could not easily resolve them. In the past 2 years, the Juno mission has measured very close to the planet (>1.05RJ), observing a strongly enhanced localized magnetic field in some orbits8,9, and resulting in models that identify strong hemispheric asymmetries at mid-to-high latitudes10,11. These features could be better resolved by identifying changes in the ionospheric density caused by interactions with the magnetic field, but past observations have been unable to spatially resolve such features12–14. In this study, we identify a dark sinusoidal ribbon of weakened H3+ emission near the jovigraphic equator, which we show to be an ionospheric signature of Jupiter’s magnetic equator. We also observe complex structures in Jupiter’s mid-latitude ionosphere, including one dark spot that is coincident with a localized enhancement in Jupiter’s radial magnetic field observed recently by Juno10. These features reveal evidence of complex localized interactions between Jupiter’s ionosphere and its magnetic field. Our results provide ground-truth for Juno spacecraft observations and future ionospheric and magnetic field models.
AB - Our understanding of Jupiter’s magnetic field has been developed through a combination of spacecraft measurements at distances >1.8RJ and images of the aurora1–7. These models all agree on the strength and direction of the Jovian dipole magnetic moments, but because higher-order magnetic moments decay more strongly with distance from the planet, past spacecraft measurements could not easily resolve them. In the past 2 years, the Juno mission has measured very close to the planet (>1.05RJ), observing a strongly enhanced localized magnetic field in some orbits8,9, and resulting in models that identify strong hemispheric asymmetries at mid-to-high latitudes10,11. These features could be better resolved by identifying changes in the ionospheric density caused by interactions with the magnetic field, but past observations have been unable to spatially resolve such features12–14. In this study, we identify a dark sinusoidal ribbon of weakened H3+ emission near the jovigraphic equator, which we show to be an ionospheric signature of Jupiter’s magnetic equator. We also observe complex structures in Jupiter’s mid-latitude ionosphere, including one dark spot that is coincident with a localized enhancement in Jupiter’s radial magnetic field observed recently by Juno10. These features reveal evidence of complex localized interactions between Jupiter’s ionosphere and its magnetic field. Our results provide ground-truth for Juno spacecraft observations and future ionospheric and magnetic field models.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054195212&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41550-018-0523-z
DO - 10.1038/s41550-018-0523-z
M3 - Letter
SN - 2397-3366
VL - 2
SP - 773
EP - 777
JO - Nature Astronomy
JF - Nature Astronomy
IS - 10
ER -